# S.J.Res. 83 (119th): A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities that have not been authorized by Congress.

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities that have not been authorized by Congress.

## How this bill is scored

Tier: no Tier 1 record. A bill with no record cannot newly become Tier 1.
Lane: de_escalation. Category: war_peace. Lane tag: prudential.
Lane: unauthorized_hostilities. Category: war_peace. Lane tag: general equity.
Lane: war_powers. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored.
Tier 1 sign-off: no record. A bill with no record cannot newly become Tier 1.
Stored polarity: good. A yea supports the bill. A nay is the penalized direction when the tag is scored as a protection. A yea on a credit tag is a credit.
Roll 555: On the Motion to Discharge S.J.Res. 83. Vote type: discharge.
Polarity rationale: Reviewed enrichment (llm_import) polarity: The measure directly restrains a named harm, the use of United States armed forces in hostilities without congressional authorization. This is a restraint on potentially unjust killing and on the usurpation of Congress's constitutional war power. Its exceptions for self-defense and authorized counternarcotics support are prudential boundaries rather than evidence of moral harm, so the classification is good rather than mixed.
Theological note: Relevant to the question of whether the state may initiate lethal force without lawful, accountable authority. Scripture assigns the sword to government under limits of justice, and a Reformed framework stresses that power must be exercised under law and not by unchecked executive will. Restoring the legislative check on unauthorized hostilities bears on the duty to avoid unjust bloodshed and on the rule of lawful authority, while preserving defense against real attack.

## Recorded votes

Roll 555: On the Motion to Discharge S.J.Res. 83. Yea 48 · Nay 51 · Other 1.

HTML: https://justmeasure.org/bill/sjres-83-119/