# S.J.Res. 98 (119th): A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress.

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress.

## How this bill is scored

Tier: no Tier 1 record. A bill with no record cannot newly become Tier 1.
Lane: de_escalation. Category: war_peace. Lane tag: prudential.
Lane: venezuela. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored.
Lane: war_powers. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored.
Tier 1 sign-off: no record. A bill with no record cannot newly become Tier 1.
Stored polarity: good. A yea supports the bill. A nay is the penalized direction when the tag is scored as a protection. A yea on a credit tag is a credit.
Roll 9: On the Point of Order S.J.Res. 98. Vote type: procedural.
Roll 5: On the Motion to Discharge S.J.Res. 98. Vote type: discharge.
Polarity rationale: Reviewed enrichment (llm_import) polarity: The resolution directly restrains hostilities not authorized by Congress, which is a restraint on unjust or unauthorized war. It preserves a self-defense exception, so it does not bar defense against imminent attack. The operative effect is to withdraw forces from unauthorized combat, which supports de-escalation and constitutional accountability.
Theological note: The measure bears on the just use of the sword, which Scripture entrusts to government for the defense of the innocent and the restraint of evil (Romans 13:4), while requiring that the decision to wage war be made through lawful and accountable authority. Requiring congressional authorization for hostilities that lack it supports that accountability. The explicit self-defense carve-out reflects the principle of defending against imminent injustice.

## Recorded votes

Roll 9: On the Point of Order S.J.Res. 98. Yea 50 · Nay 50 · Other 0.
Roll 5: On the Motion to Discharge S.J.Res. 98. Yea 52 · Nay 47 · Other 1.

HTML: https://justmeasure.org/bill/sjres-98-119/