Bill

H.R. 28 (119th): Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025

Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025 This bill generally prohibits school athletic programs from allowing individuals whose biological sex at birth was male to participate in programs that are for women or girls. Specifically, the bill provides that it is a violation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 for federally funded education programs or activities to operate, sponsor, or facilitate athletic programs or activities that allow individuals of the male sex to participate in programs or activities that are designated for women or girls. (Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in federally funded education programs or activities, including in public elementary and secondary schools and in colleges and universities.) Under the bill, sex is based on an individual's reproductive biology and genetics at birth. The bill does not prohibit male individuals from training or practicing with programs or activities for women or girls as long as such training or practice does not deprive any female of corresponding opportunities or benefits. The Government Accountability Office must report on the benefits for women or girls in single-sex sports that would be lost as a result of male participation. In particular, the report must document the negative psychological, developmental, participatory, and sociological effects of male participation on girls.

house · Substantive

Rankings updated October 26, 2026, 11:44 AM ET · Votes through September 30, 2026
Exported candidates: 719 | Filings on file, by office: H: 5838 | P: 1467 | S: 1567. These counts include every filing for that office, so they are larger than the ranked list. One person can have more than one filing. Non-voting delegates are left out.

Recorded summary

The bill would make it a Title IX violation for federally funded schools or education programs to operate, sponsor, or facilitate athletic programs that allow individuals of the male sex to participate in programs designated for women or girls. It defines sex by reproductive biology and genetics at birth. It permits male individuals to train or practice with women's or girls' programs if this does not deprive any female of corresponding opportunities or benefits. It also directs the Government Accountability Office to report on benefits lost to women and girls in single-sex sports due to male participation, including claimed psychological, developmental, participatory, and sociological effects.

abuse_accountabilitydefends_childrenfamily_policygao_reportgirls_safetysex_based_protectiontitle_ixwomens_sports

Theological note: Scripture grounds sexual difference in creation (Genesis 1:27), which bears on the justice owed to girls in sex-separated athletics. The bill's core aim of protecting girls' sex-based opportunities and safety in school sports is relevant to concerns about minors, bodily integrity, and fair dealing. Its empirical claims and enforcement design remain matters of prudential judgment, so this summary assesses issue relevance only.

How this bill is scored

Recorded votes

Roll 11 · 14-Jan-2025 2:34 PM · On Motion to Recommit · Failed

Yea 208 · Nay 218 · Other 8

Yea

Nay

Other

Roll 12 · 14-Jan-2025 2:42 PM · On Passage · Passed

Yea 218 · Nay 206 · Other 10

Yea

Nay

Other

All bills · Markdown