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S.J.Res. 98 (119th): A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress.
A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress.
senate · Procedural
Rankings updated October 26, 2026, 11:44 AM ET · Votes through September 30, 2026
Official source
This joint resolution directs the President to end the use of U.S. Armed Forces for hostilities within or against Venezuela unless Congress has enacted a declaration of war or an authorization for such use. It states that it does not prevent the United States from defending itself against an armed attack or the threat of an imminent armed attack.
de_escalation venezuela war_powers
Theological note: The measure bears on the just use of the sword, which Scripture entrusts to government for the defense of the innocent and the restraint of evil (Romans 13:4), while requiring that the decision to wage war be made through lawful and accountable authority. Requiring congressional authorization for hostilities that lack it supports that accountability. The explicit self-defense carve-out reflects the principle of defending against imminent injustice.
Tier: no Tier 1 record. A bill with no record cannot newly become Tier 1. Lane: de_escalation. Category: war_peace. Lane tag: prudential. Lane: venezuela. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored. Lane: war_powers. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored. Tier 1 sign-off: no record. A bill with no record cannot newly become Tier 1. Stored polarity: good. A yea supports the bill. A nay is the penalized direction when the tag is scored as a protection. A yea on a credit tag is a credit. Roll 9: On the Point of Order S.J.Res. 98. Vote type: procedural. Roll 5: On the Motion to Discharge S.J.Res. 98. Vote type: discharge. Polarity rationale: Reviewed enrichment (llm_import) polarity: The resolution directly restrains hostilities not authorized by Congress, which is a restraint on unjust or unauthorized war. It preserves a self-defense exception, so it does not bar defense against imminent attack. The operative effect is to withdraw forces from unauthorized combat, which supports de-escalation and constitutional accountability. Theological note: The measure bears on the just use of the sword, which Scripture entrusts to government for the defense of the innocent and the restraint of evil (Romans 13:4), while requiring that the decision to wage war be made through lawful and accountable authority. Requiring congressional authorization for hostilities that lack it supports that accountability. The explicit self-defense carve-out reflects the principle of defending against imminent injustice. Debt and war Cloture and Tier 1 Procedural votes Scoring mechanics de escalation
Roll 9 · January 14, 2026, 05:51 PM · On the Point of Order S.J.Res. 98 · Point of Order Well Taken (50-50, Vice President of the United States, voted Yea) Yea 50 · Nay 50 · Other 0
Yea BANKS, JAMES E. HON. REP · IN · Compromises on record BARRASSO, JOHN A REP · WY · Compromises on record BLACKBURN, MARSHA MRS. REP · TN · Compromises on record BOOZMAN, SEN. JOHN REP · AR · Compromises on record BRITT, KATIE BOYD REP · AL · Compromises on record BUDD, THEODORE P REP · NC · Compromises on record CAPITO, SHELLEY MOORE REP · WV · Compromises on record CASSIDY, WILLIAM M. REP · LA · Qualified on the 118th–119th Congress record CORNYN, JOHN SEN REP · TX · Compromises on record COTTON, THOMAS REP · AR · Compromises on record CRAMER, KEVIN MR. REP · ND · Compromises on record CRAPO, MICHAEL D REP · ID · Compromises on record CRUZ, RAFAEL EDWARD TED REP · TX · Compromises on record CURTIS, JOHN REP · UT · Compromises on record DAINES, STEVE REP · MT · Compromises on record ERNST, JONI K REP · IA · Compromises on record FISCHER, DEBRA S. REP · NE · Compromises on record GRAHAM, LINDSEY O. REP · SC · Compromises on record GRASSLEY, CHARLES E REP · IA · Compromises on record HAGERTY, BILL REP · TN · Compromises on record HAWLEY, JOSHUA DAVID SEN REP · MO · Compromises on record HOEVEN, JOHN REP · ND · Compromises on record HUSTED, JON REP · OH · Compromises on record HYDE-SMITH, CINDY REP · MS · Compromises on record JOHNSON, RON HAROLD MR. REP · WI · Compromises on record JUSTICE, JAMES CONLEY II REP · WV · Compromises on record KENNEDY, JOHN NEELY REP · LA · Compromises on record LANKFORD, JAMES PAUL REP · OK · Compromises on record LEE, MIKE REP · UT · Qualified on the 118th–119th Congress record LUMMIS, CYNTHIA MARIE MRS. REP · WY · Compromises on record MARSHALL, ROGER W REP · KS · Compromises on record MCCONNELL, MITCH REP · KY · Compromises on record MCCORMICK, DAVE REP · PA · Compromises on record MOODY, ASHLEY REP · FL · Compromises on record MORAN, JERRY REP · KS · Compromises on record MORENO, BERNIE REP · OH · Compromises on record MULLIN, MARKWAYNE REP · OK · Compromises on record RICKETTS, PETE REP · NE · Compromises on record RISCH, JAMES E MR. UNK · ID · Compromises on record ROUNDS, MIKE REP · SD · Compromises on record SCHMITT, ERIC REP · MO · Compromises on record SCOTT, RICK SEN REP · FL · Compromises on record SCOTT, TIMOTHY E. REP · SC · Compromises on record SHEEHY, TIM REP · MT · Compromises on record SULLIVAN, DAN REP · AK · Compromises on record THUNE, JOHN R. REP · SD · Qualified on the 118th–119th Congress record TILLIS, THOM R SEN REP · NC · Compromises on record TUBERVILLE, THOMAS H REP · AL · Compromises on record WICKER, ROGER SEN. REP · MS · Compromises on record YOUNG, TODD CHRISTOPHER REP · IN · Compromises on record Nay ALSOBROOKS, ANGELA DEM · MD · Disqualifying vote on record BALDWIN, TAMMY DEM · WI · Disqualifying vote on record BENNET, MICHAEL F. DEM · CO · Disqualifying vote on record BLUMENTHAL, RICHARD DEM · CT · Disqualifying vote on record BLUNT ROCHESTER, LISA DEM · DE · Disqualifying vote on record BOOKER, CORY A. DEM · NJ · Disqualifying vote on record CANTWELL, MARIA DEM · WA · Disqualifying vote on record COLLINS, SUSAN M. REP · ME · Compromises on record COONS, CHRISTOPHER A. DEM · DE · Disqualifying vote on record CORTEZ MASTO, CATHERINE DEM · NV · Disqualifying vote on record DUCKWORTH, L. TAMMY DEM · IL · Disqualifying vote on record DURBIN, RICHARD J. DEM · IL · Disqualifying vote on record FETTERMAN, JOHN KARL DEM · PA · Disqualifying vote on record GALLEGO, RUBEN DEM · AZ · Disqualifying vote on record GILLIBRAND, KIRSTEN DEM · NY · Disqualifying vote on record HASSAN, MARGARET WOOD DEM · NH · Disqualifying vote on record HEINRICH, MARTIN DEM · NM · Disqualifying vote on record HICKENLOOPER, JOHN W. DEM · CO · Disqualifying vote on record HIRONO, MAZIE K. DEM · HI · Disqualifying vote on record KAINE, TIMOTHY MICHAEL DEM · VA · Disqualifying vote on record KELLY, MARK DEM · AZ · Disqualifying vote on record KIM, ANDY DEM · NJ · Disqualifying vote on record KING, ANGUS S. JR. IND · ME · Disqualifying vote on record KLOBUCHAR, AMY DFL · MN · Disqualifying vote on record LUJAN, BEN RAY DEM · NM · Disqualifying vote on record MARKEY, EDWARD SEN. DEM · MA · Disqualifying vote on record MERKLEY, JEFFREY ALAN DEM · OR · Disqualifying vote on record MURKOWSKI, LISA REP · AK · Compromises on record MURPHY, CHRISTOPHER S DEM · CT · Disqualifying vote on record MURRAY, PATTY DEM · WA · Disqualifying vote on record OSSOFF, T. JONATHAN DEM · GA · Disqualifying vote on record PADILLA, ALEX DEM · CA · Disqualifying vote on record PAUL, RAND REP · KY · Qualified on the 118th–119th Congress record PETERS, GARY DEM · MI · Disqualifying vote on record REED, JOHN F. DEM · RI · Disqualifying vote on record ROSEN, JACKY DEM · NV · Disqualifying vote on record SANDERS, BERNARD IND · VT · Disqualifying vote on record SCHATZ, BRIAN DEM · HI · Disqualifying vote on record SCHIFF, ADAM DEM · CA · Disqualifying vote on record SCHUMER, CHARLES E. DEM · NY · Disqualifying vote on record SHAHEEN, JEANNE DEM · NH · Disqualifying vote on record SLOTKIN, ELISSA DEM · MI · Disqualifying vote on record SMITH, TINA DEM · MN · Disqualifying vote on record VAN HOLLEN, CHRIS DEM · MD · Disqualifying vote on record WARNER, MARK ROBERT DEM · VA · Disqualifying vote on record WARNOCK, RAPHAEL DEM · GA · Disqualifying vote on record WARREN, ELIZABETH DEM · MA · Disqualifying vote on record WELCH, PETER DEM · VT · Disqualifying vote on record WHITEHOUSE, SHELDON DEM · RI · Disqualifying vote on record WYDEN, RONALD L. DEM · OR · Disqualifying vote on record Other None recorded.
Roll 5 · January 8, 2026, 10:59 AM · On the Motion to Discharge S.J.Res. 98 · Motion to Discharge Agreed to (52-47) Yea 52 · Nay 47 · Other 1
Yea ALSOBROOKS, ANGELA DEM · MD · Disqualifying vote on record BALDWIN, TAMMY DEM · WI · Disqualifying vote on record BENNET, MICHAEL F. DEM · CO · Disqualifying vote on record BLUMENTHAL, RICHARD DEM · CT · Disqualifying vote on record BLUNT ROCHESTER, LISA DEM · DE · Disqualifying vote on record BOOKER, CORY A. DEM · NJ · Disqualifying vote on record CANTWELL, MARIA DEM · WA · Disqualifying vote on record COLLINS, SUSAN M. REP · ME · Compromises on record COONS, CHRISTOPHER A. DEM · DE · Disqualifying vote on record CORTEZ MASTO, CATHERINE DEM · NV · Disqualifying vote on record DUCKWORTH, L. TAMMY DEM · IL · Disqualifying vote on record DURBIN, RICHARD J. DEM · IL · Disqualifying vote on record FETTERMAN, JOHN KARL DEM · PA · Disqualifying vote on record GALLEGO, RUBEN DEM · AZ · Disqualifying vote on record GILLIBRAND, KIRSTEN DEM · NY · Disqualifying vote on record HASSAN, MARGARET WOOD DEM · NH · Disqualifying vote on record HAWLEY, JOSHUA DAVID SEN REP · MO · Compromises on record HEINRICH, MARTIN DEM · NM · Disqualifying vote on record HICKENLOOPER, JOHN W. DEM · CO · Disqualifying vote on record HIRONO, MAZIE K. DEM · HI · Disqualifying vote on record KAINE, TIMOTHY MICHAEL DEM · VA · Disqualifying vote on record KELLY, MARK DEM · AZ · Disqualifying vote on record KIM, ANDY DEM · NJ · Disqualifying vote on record KING, ANGUS S. JR. IND · ME · Disqualifying vote on record KLOBUCHAR, AMY DFL · MN · Disqualifying vote on record LUJAN, BEN RAY DEM · NM · Disqualifying vote on record MARKEY, EDWARD SEN. DEM · MA · Disqualifying vote on record MERKLEY, JEFFREY ALAN DEM · OR · Disqualifying vote on record MURKOWSKI, LISA REP · AK · Compromises on record MURPHY, CHRISTOPHER S DEM · CT · Disqualifying vote on record MURRAY, PATTY DEM · WA · Disqualifying vote on record OSSOFF, T. JONATHAN DEM · GA · Disqualifying vote on record PADILLA, ALEX DEM · CA · Disqualifying vote on record PAUL, RAND REP · KY · Qualified on the 118th–119th Congress record PETERS, GARY DEM · MI · Disqualifying vote on record REED, JOHN F. DEM · RI · Disqualifying vote on record ROSEN, JACKY DEM · NV · Disqualifying vote on record SANDERS, BERNARD IND · VT · Disqualifying vote on record SCHATZ, BRIAN DEM · HI · Disqualifying vote on record SCHIFF, ADAM DEM · CA · Disqualifying vote on record SCHUMER, CHARLES E. DEM · NY · Disqualifying vote on record SHAHEEN, JEANNE DEM · NH · Disqualifying vote on record SLOTKIN, ELISSA DEM · MI · Disqualifying vote on record SMITH, TINA DEM · MN · Disqualifying vote on record VAN HOLLEN, CHRIS DEM · MD · Disqualifying vote on record WARNER, MARK ROBERT DEM · VA · Disqualifying vote on record WARNOCK, RAPHAEL DEM · GA · Disqualifying vote on record WARREN, ELIZABETH DEM · MA · Disqualifying vote on record WELCH, PETER DEM · VT · Disqualifying vote on record WHITEHOUSE, SHELDON DEM · RI · Disqualifying vote on record WYDEN, RONALD L. DEM · OR · Disqualifying vote on record YOUNG, TODD CHRISTOPHER REP · IN · Compromises on record Nay BANKS, JAMES E. HON. REP · IN · Compromises on record BARRASSO, JOHN A REP · WY · Compromises on record BLACKBURN, MARSHA MRS. REP · TN · Compromises on record BOOZMAN, SEN. JOHN REP · AR · Compromises on record BRITT, KATIE BOYD REP · AL · Compromises on record BUDD, THEODORE P REP · NC · Compromises on record CAPITO, SHELLEY MOORE REP · WV · Compromises on record CASSIDY, WILLIAM M. REP · LA · Qualified on the 118th–119th Congress record CORNYN, JOHN SEN REP · TX · Compromises on record COTTON, THOMAS REP · AR · Compromises on record CRAMER, KEVIN MR. REP · ND · Compromises on record CRAPO, MICHAEL D REP · ID · Compromises on record CRUZ, RAFAEL EDWARD TED REP · TX · Compromises on record CURTIS, JOHN REP · UT · Compromises on record ERNST, JONI K REP · IA · Compromises on record FISCHER, DEBRA S. REP · NE · Compromises on record GRAHAM, LINDSEY O. REP · SC · Compromises on record GRASSLEY, CHARLES E REP · IA · Compromises on record HAGERTY, BILL REP · TN · Compromises on record HOEVEN, JOHN REP · ND · Compromises on record HUSTED, JON REP · OH · Compromises on record HYDE-SMITH, CINDY REP · MS · Compromises on record JOHNSON, RON HAROLD MR. REP · WI · Compromises on record JUSTICE, JAMES CONLEY II REP · WV · Compromises on record KENNEDY, JOHN NEELY REP · LA · Compromises on record LANKFORD, JAMES PAUL REP · OK · Compromises on record LEE, MIKE REP · UT · Qualified on the 118th–119th Congress record LUMMIS, CYNTHIA MARIE MRS. REP · WY · Compromises on record MARSHALL, ROGER W REP · KS · Compromises on record MCCONNELL, MITCH REP · KY · Compromises on record MCCORMICK, DAVE REP · PA · Compromises on record MOODY, ASHLEY REP · FL · Compromises on record MORAN, JERRY REP · KS · Compromises on record MORENO, BERNIE REP · OH · Compromises on record MULLIN, MARKWAYNE REP · OK · Compromises on record RICKETTS, PETE REP · NE · Compromises on record RISCH, JAMES E MR. UNK · ID · Compromises on record ROUNDS, MIKE REP · SD · Compromises on record SCHMITT, ERIC REP · MO · Compromises on record SCOTT, RICK SEN REP · FL · Compromises on record SCOTT, TIMOTHY E. REP · SC · Compromises on record SHEEHY, TIM REP · MT · Compromises on record SULLIVAN, DAN REP · AK · Compromises on record THUNE, JOHN R. REP · SD · Qualified on the 118th–119th Congress record TILLIS, THOM R SEN REP · NC · Compromises on record TUBERVILLE, THOMAS H REP · AL · Compromises on record WICKER, ROGER SEN. REP · MS · Compromises on record Other
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